Kalimat Aktive yaitu sebuah kalimat yang subjectnya melaksanakan tindakan,sedangkan kalimat Passive yaitu kalimat yang subjectnya dikenai tindakan. Dalam kalimat Passive, dengan kata lain kita memakai kalimat aktive untuk menyampaikan apa yang dilakukan oleh Subject, sedangkan dalam kalimat Passive digunakan untuk menunjukan apa yang terjadi pada subject. Atau secara simpel kalimat aktive yaitu kalimat yang kata kerjanya berarti “me....” pola “ membunuh, Memakan, membuka, mengerjakan ”, sedangkan dalam kalimat passive kata kerjanya berarti “di...” pola “ Dibunuh, dimakan,dibuka,dikerjakan” . diberikut ini macam macam pola kalimat Passive dan aktive,perhatikan perbedaannya.
1. The girl hit the ball ( kalimat ini yaitu kalimat Aktive, yang artinya “ gadis memukul bola”)
2. The ball was hit by the girl ( kalimat ini yaitu kalimat passive,yang artinya “ bola dipukul oleh gadis”)
3. Somebody built this house in 1930. ( kalimat ini yaitu kalimat aktive, yang artinya “ seseorang membangun rumah ini pada tahun 1930”
4. This house was built in 1930 ( kalimat ini yaitu kalimat passive, yang artinya “ rumah ini dibangun pada tahun 1930”)
5. My grandfather was a builder. He built this house in 1930 ( kalimat ini yaitu kalimat aktive, yang artinya “ ayah saya yaitu seorang pembangun. Dia membangun rumah ini pada tahun 1930”)
6. It is a big company. it employs two hundred people ( kalimat ini yaitu kalimat aktive yang artinya “ ini yaitu sebuah perusahan besar. Perusahan ini memperkejakan dua ratus orang”)
7. This house is quite old. It was built in 1930 ( kalimat ini yaitu kalimat aktive, yang artinya “ rumah ini cukup tua. Rumah ini dibangun pada tahun 1930”)
8. Two hundred people are employed by the company (kalimat ini yaitu kalimat passive, yang artinya “ dua ratus orang dipekerjakan oleh perusahan ini”)
Teknik Penulisan Kalimat passive dari kalimat aktive atau Rumus/pola Kalimat Passive
Sama dengan kalimat aktive,dalam kalimat passive juga terdapat banyak jenis tenses nya contohnya saja. Ingat dalam kalimat passive yaitu cenderung menekankan apa yang dilakukan oleh object,sehingga subject dikenakan tindakan. Ingat dalam pembuatan kalimat aktive ke passive dikala tobe ditentukan oleh object bukan dari subject. Jika subject plural dan object singular maka tobe ditentukan oleh objectnya, begitu juga untuk tenses tenses yang lain
1. Simple present tenses
( + ) Object + tobe ( Is,am,are) + V3 + By + Subject + Adverb
( - ) Object + tobe ( Is,am,are) + not + V3 + BY+ Subject + Adverb
( ? ) tobe ( Is,am,are) + Object + V3 + By + Subject + Adverb ?
Cotoh :
Fina prepares the salad every morning (kalimat aktive)
The salad is prepared by Fina every morning ( kalimat passive )
The salad is not prepared by Fina every morning ( kalimat passive negative )
Is the salad prepared by Fina Every morning ? ( kalimat passive tanya )
They paint this house every year (kalimat aktive)
( + ) This house is painted by them every year. ( kalimat passive )
( - ) This hous is not painted by them every year. ( kalimat passive negative )
( ? ) Is this house painted by them every year ? ( kalimat passive tanya )
Ayu writtes the books (kalimat aktive)
( + )The books are written by Ayu ( kalimat passive )
( - )The Books are not written by Ayu ( kalimat passive negative )
( ? ) Are the books written by Ayu? ( kalimat passive tanya )
2. Simple Past tense
( + ) Object + tobe ( was/were) + V3 + By + Subject + Adverb
( - ) Object + tobe (was/were) + not + V3 + BY+ Subject + Adverb
( ? ) tobe ( Is,am,are) + Object + V3 + By + Subject + Adverb ?
They Prepared the salad yesterday ( aktive)
The salad was prepared by them yesterday ( passive positive)
The salad was not prepared by them yesterday ( passive negative)
Was the salad prepared by them yesterday ? ( Passive interogative)
Andrea Hirata wrote “Laskar Pelangi” in 2008 ( aktive)
“ Laskar Pelangi” was written by Andrea Hirata in 2008 ( passive positive)
“ Laskar Pelangi” was not written by Andrea Hirata in 2008 ( passive negative)
was “ Laskar Pelangi” written by Andrea Hirata in 2008 ? ( Passive interogative)
3. Simple present continuous tense.
Subject + to be (Is, am, are) + V Ing + Object + adverb (kalimat aktive )
( + ) Object + tobe ( Is,am,are) + Being + V3 + By + Subject + Adverb
( - ) Object + tobe ( Is,am,are) + Being + not + V3 + BY + Subject + Adverb
( ? ) tobe ( Is,am,are) + Object + Being + V3 + By + Subject + Adverb ?
Fina and Ayu are preparing the party today. ( kalimat aktive)
The party are being prepared by Fina and Ayu today ( kalimat Passive Positive)
The party are not being prepared by Fina and Ayu today ( kalimat Passive Negative)
Are the party being prepared by Fina and Ayu today ? (kalimat passive tanya )
4. Simple past continuous tense.
Subject + to be ( was/were ) + V Ing + Object + adverb (kalimat aktive )
( + ) Object + tobe (was/were) + Being + V3 + By + Subject + Adverb
( - ) Object + tobe (was/were) + Being + not + V3 + BY + Subject + Adverb
( ? ) tobe (was/were) + Object + Being + V3 + By + Subject + Adverb ?
Fina and Ayu were preparing the party today. ( kalimat aktive)
The party were being prepared by Fina and Ayu today ( kalimat Passive Positive)
The party were not being prepared by Fina and Ayu today ( kalimat Passive Negative)
were the party being prepared by Fina and Ayu today ? (kalimat passive tanya )
Fina was watching the movie when I call her.
The movie was being watched by Fina when I call her ( kalimat Passive Positive)
The movie was not being watched by Fina when I call her ( kalimat Passive Negative)
Was the movie was being watched by Fina when I call her ? (kalimat passive tanya )
5. Simple present perfect
Object + have/has + been + V3 + by + Subject + Adverb ( Kalimat passive positive )
Object + have/has+ not + been + V3 + by + Subject + Adverb ( Kalimat passive negative )
Have/has + Object + been +V3 + By + Subject + Adverb +?
Fina Has helped Ayu three times.
Ayu has been helped by Fina three times.
Ayu has not been helped by Fina three times.
Has Ayu been helped by Fina three times ?
They have visited Bali for three times
Bali has been visited by Them for three times
Bali has not been visited by them for three times
Has Bali been visited by them for three times ?
6. Past Perfect
Object + Had + been + V3 + by + Subject + Adverb ( Kalimat passive positive )
Object + Had + not + been + V3 + by + Subject + Adverb ( Kalimat passive negative )
Had + Object + been +V3 + By + Subject + Adverb +?
Fina Had helped Ayu three times.
Ayu Had been helped by Fina three times.
Ayu Had not been helped by Fina three times.
Had Ayu Been helped by Fina three times ?
They had visited Bali for three times
Bali had been visited by Them for three times
Bali had not been visited by them for three times
had Bali been visited by them for three times ?
7. Past Continuous
Subject + was/were + V Ing + Object + adverb
( + ) Object + was/were + Being + V3 + By + Subject + Adverb
( - ) Object + was/were + Being + not + V3 + BY + Subject + Adverb
( ? ) was/were + Object + Being + V3 + By + Subject + Adverb ?
Andi and tono was cooking the cake for the party at this time yesterday.
The cake was being cooked by andi and tono for the party at this time yesterday.
The cake was not being cooked by andi and tono for the party at this time yesterday.
Was the cake being cooked by andi and tono for the party at this time yesterday?
8. Simple future tense
Object + will + be + V3 +by + Subject + adverb
Object + will +not + be + V3 + by + Subject + adverb
Will + Object + be + V3 +by + Subject + adverb ?
Fina will watch the movie with her boyfriend tomorrow night
The movie will be watched by Fina with her boyfriend tomorrow night.
The movie will not be watched by Fina with her boyfriend tommorow night.
Will the movie be watched by Fina with her boyfriend tommorow night ?
9. Simple Future ( Going to)
Object + to be + going to + be + V3 +by + Subject + adverb
Object + to be + going to +not + be + V3 + by + Subject + adverb
to be + Object + going to + be + V3 + by + Subject + adverb ?
Fina is going to watch the movie with her boyfriend tomorrow night.
The movie is going to be watched by Fina with her boyfriend tomorrow night.
The movie is going to not be watched by Fina with her boyfriend tommorow night.
is The movie going to be watched by Fina with her boyfriend tomorrow night ?
Latihan soal Passive voice
Ubahlah kalimat dibawah ini menjadi kalimat passive menjadi kalimat aktive atau sebaliknya.
1. Shakespeare wrote that play.
2. Waitressess and waiters serve customers.
3. The teacher is going to explain the lesson.
4. Two horses were pulling the farmer’s wagon.
5. Toshi will invite Yoko to the party.
6. Alex is preparing that report.
7. Kathy had returned the book to the library.
8. Miriam has designed several public buildings.
9. His tricks will not fool me.
10. I did not write that note. Did Jim write it ?
11. Does Prof. Shapiro teach that course ? No, he does not teach it.
12. Mrs. Andrews has not signed those papers yet. Has Mr.Andrews signed them yet ?
13. The speech was given by Anwar
14. Our Assignments are going to be corrected by the teaching assistant.
15. Was the electric light bulb invented by Thomas Edison ?
16. The speed limit on Highway 5 is not obeyed by most drivers.
17. Have you been informed of the rent increase by the building manager ?
Jawaban dan Pembahasan Soal Passive voice
1. That play was written by Shakespeare.
Dalam soal tenses yang dipakai yaitu simple past, alasannya yaitu memakai kata kerja ke dua “wrote” dan pada kalikmat passive nya memakai “was” alasannya yaitu that play ialah subject tunggal.
2. Customers are served by Waitressess and waiters.
Dalam soal kalimat yang dipakai yaitu kalimat simple present, hal ini alasannya yaitu kata kerja yang dipakai yaitu V1 “serve” dan dalam kalimat passive memakai to be “are” alasannya yaitu Customers yaitu jamak.
3. The lesson is going to be learned by the teacher.
Dalam soal kalimatnya berjenis simple future,dan dalam kalimat passive yang dipakai yaitu simple future, tobe yang dipakai yaitu “is” alasannya yaitu the lesson yaitu tunggal.
4. The farmer’s wagon was being pulled by two horses.
Pada soal tenses yang dipakai yaitu past continuous,dan dalam kalimat passive memakai tobe “ was” alasannya yaitu The farmer’s wagon berjumlah tunggal.
5. Yoko will be invited by Toshi to the Party.
Dalam soal tenses yang dipakai yaitu simple future,dan dalam kalimat passive mengunakan jenis simple future “will” sehingga Object tunggal atau jamak tidak begitu berpengaruh.
6. That report is being prepared by Alex.
Dalam soal tenses yang dipakai yaitu simple present continuous tense,dan dalam kalimat passive kita memakai tobe “be” alasannya yaitu that report yaitu berbentuk tunggal.
7. The book had been returned to the library by Kathy.
Dalam soal tenses yang dipakai berbentuk past perfect, dan dalam past perfect tidak peduli tunggal atau jamak selalu memakai “had been”.
8. Several public buildings have been designed by Miriam.
Dalam soal tenses yang dipakai yaitu Present perfect, dan dalam kalimat passive kita memakai “have” alasannya yaitu several publicc buildings yaitu jamak.
9. I will not be fooled by his tricks.
Dalam soal tenses yang dipakai yaitu simple future, dan dalam kalimat passive selalu memakai Will, dan dalam jawabanan memakai kalimat simple future berbentuk negative.
10. That note was not written by me. Was it written by Jim ?
Pada soal tenses yang dipakai yaitu simple past tense. Dalam kalimat passive kita memakai to be was, alasannya yaitu “that note” yaitu kata tunggal, juga dalam jawabanan kita memakai “was” alasannya yaitu subject kalimat passive yaitu “It”.
11. Is Prof. Shapiro taught that course ? No, it is not taught by him.
Dalam soal tenses yang dipakai yaitu simple present tense akan tetapi berbentuk kalimat tanya, sehingga dalam kalimat passive nya kita juga harus memakai kalimat tanya dari simple present tense.
12. Those papers have not been signed by Mrs. Andrews yet. Have those papers been signed by Mr.Andrews yet ?
Dalam soal tenses yang dipakai yaitu simple present perfect akan tetapi dalam bentuk kalimat negative. Dalam kalimat passive dipakai “have” alasannya yaitu subject dari kalimat passive yaitu “Those papers” yang ialah bentuk jamak
13. Anwar gave the speech
Dalam soal tenses yang dipakai yaitu kalimat simple past, sehingga dalam kalimat aktivenya juga past.
14. The teaching assistant is going to correct our assignments.
Dalam soal tenses yang dipakai yaitu simple future “ going to” dan untuk pembuatan kalimat aktive nya memakai “ is” alasannya yaitu subject kalimat aktive nya yaitu the teaching assistant yang berbentuk tunggal.
15. Did Thomas Edison invent the electric light bulb ?
Dalam soal kalimat yang dipakai memiliki tenses simple past tense alasannya yaitu pertama kalimat mengunakan kata “was”,sehingga dalam jawabanan juga harus memakai kalimat simple past.
16. Most drivers do not obey the speed limit on Highway 5
Dalam soal tenses yang dipakai yaitu simple present alasannya yaitu “is not + V3” dan berbentuk kalimat negative sehigga dalam jawabanan tenses yang dipakai juga harus simple present tense berbentuk aktive,kita memakai “do “ alasannya yaitu subject dari kalimat aktive ini yaitu “Most drivers” yang berarti jamak.
17. Has the building manager informed you of the rent increase ?
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